Once you get to the Colonial Age, the relative costs of production start to decline. 2:1, 3:2, 4:3, 5:4, 6:5. If the one-time costs for the buildings didn't follow a similar pattern, then there might be a reason to depreciate those initial costs, but they do, so there isn't. The direct cost of production covers it all.
There's a handy equitable trade calculator at
http://foetrader.blogspot.com/p/fair-trade-tool.html
We also have a similar FoE Trade Ratios.gsheet, it's a browser based spreadsheet with some mild inventory tracking capabilities, that's available at
the Google Group for the LOD-Conservatory
The numbers we need, to understand the mathematical foundation for Like Value trades for Like Value, are at
http://forgeofempires.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Goods_Buildings
* $ 100 for the Bronze Age goods
* $ 200 for the Iron Age goods
* $ 400 for the Early Middle Age goods
* $ 800 for the High Middle Age goods
* $1600 for the Late Middle Age goods
* $2400 for the Colonial Age goods, which are CONSUMED
* $3200 for the Industrial Age goods
* $4000 for the Progressive Age goods
* $4800 ($2400 direct + $2400 consumed) for the Modern Age goods.
Goods of the same age have the same cost, and therefore trade
1:1, with equal quantities.
Between adjacent Ages the trading ratios are therefore
2:1 is 2*$800 = 1*$1600 for HMA:LMA (and all previous age pairs)
3:2 is 3*$1600 = 2*$2400 for LMA:Colonial
4:3 is 4*$2400 = 3*$3200 for Colonial:Industrial
5:4 is 5*$3200 = 4*$4000 for Industrial : Progressive
6:5 is 6*$4000 = 5*$4800 for Progressive:Modern
The single jump Age trading ratios are therefore
4:2 is 4*$1600 = 2*$3200 for LMA:Industrial (4:2 simplifies to 2:1)
5:3 is 5*$2400 = 3*$4000 for Colonial : Progressive
6:4 is 6*$3200 = 4*$4800 for Industrial:Modern (6:4 simplifies to 3:2)
The only double jump Age trading ratio is therefore
6:3 is 6*$2400 = 3*$4800 for Colonial:Modern (6:3 simplifies to 2:1)
There is no transaction fee for trades internal to a guild, but trades with your friends and neighbors cost the buyer one Forge Point per trade. Major traders will therefore usually ignore Forge Point listings with less than triple digit quantities.